Aplamai reikėtų pirmiausia sutarti kas yra "investicija", o kas yra "apsauga nuo infliacijos".
Mano supratimu "investicija" tai yra ilgalaikė ir generuojanti pajamas aukštesnes nei infliacija. "Apsauga nuo infliacijos" - tai likvidus turtas, kurį gali greitai iškeisti į cashą

Visa kita - tai "spekuliacija" - kai siekiama pasinaudoti trumpalaikiais kainų svyravimais, ir to nevadinčiau "investicija".

Čia labai plona riba. Tai praktiškai viskas, ką tu parduodi pats nepagaminęs, galima pavadinti spekuliacija.

Portfelį diversifikuoji instrumentais, kurie ir pajamas generuoja, ir kurie negeneruoja. Akcijas irgi galima vadinti ne investicijomis, nes perki verslo dalį.
Bet va tų instrumentų portfelis yra INVESTICINIS. Ir viskas, kas jame supirkta - investicija.
O toliau - kaip pavadinsi, nepagadinsi. Esmės nekeičia vis tiek.

Man labiau patiktų Varis Bufis apibrėžimas:
Pliusas jam nuo manęs.

NEW YORK, Nov 19 (Reuters) - JPMorgan Chase & Co (JPM.N) agreed to pay $60 million to settle class-action litigation by investors who accused the largest U.S. bank of intentionally manipulating prices of precious metals futures and options.

Negausi, Grand, iš to nė cento.

Tai dar cia neaisku kurioje puseje Grand zaidzia

Quietly and discreetly, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) recently bought 26.35 tonnes of gold, boosting it's gold reserves by 20%

https://www.bullionstar.com/blogs/ronan-manly/in-low-key-move-singapores-central-bank-adds-26-tonnes-to-its-gold-reserves/

In 1968, Singapore’s finance minister Dr Goh Keng Swee and senior adviser Ngiam Tong Dow were responsible for securing Singapore’s first gold reserves when they negotiated with South Africa’s finance minister Nicolaas Diederichts to purchase 100 tonnes of gold from the South Africans at $40 per ounce while attending a World Bank meeting in Washington D.C.

Realising that the Bretton Woods system would soon collapse, and on advice from Ngiam Tong Dow, Dr Goh decided “In that case, we had better go and buy gold from the South Africans.”

Given that there was an embargo on South Africa, intriguing the gold deal was conducted in Dr Goh’s hotel room in Washington D.C. and they turned up the TV to full volume to counter possible listening devices. According to Ngiam Tong Dow, when Diederichts agreed, he said “OK, you send your man to Switzerland, we’ll deliver the gold to you in Switzerland, and you pay us in Switzerland.” Diederichts then took out a $1 bill, ripped in in two halves, kept one half, and gave the other half to Ngiam Tong Dow saying ‘You keep this. I will keep the other half, and my man will meet you in Switzerland.” And just like that, 100 tonnes of gold changed hands. It may sound like a James Bond storyline, but this story is actually factual.

A few months later the deal was finalised when Ngiam Tong Dow and Singaporean banker Wee Cho Yaw flew into Switzerland and went to the offices of the Swiss Bank Corporation (SBC) where they met the Swiss banker representing the South Africans. Upon handing him the one half of the dollar bill, and seeing that the serial numbers matched, the Swiss banker said “OK, your identity has been established”. And the rest, as they say, is history.

Sometime subsequent to 1968 (but before 2002) Singapore added to its gold reserves to bring them up to the 127.4 tonnes level, and now yet again, Singapore has added another 26.35 tonnes during May and June 2021.